Keep that recent xkcd in mind when you read this one. This is from a creationist who is convinced all those biologists have it completely wrong, because Clovis points are beautiful artifacts.
Im digging in Ancient mans kitchen
Why is it that the deeper I Dig , the more brilliant the artifacts become… Isn't that opposite of the Darwin view? Clovis, First view, Plainview,… these guys were far advanced when it came to the quality of life.. I always was taught the older man was the dumber he was.. That's not accurate in my pea brain view of what I am personally researching… My digging buds discovered written stones in association with Clovis man back in the 80's.. the local "professionals" would not acknowledge our finds. They then proceeded (over the next 20 years) to claim our site for themselves and as recently as this year have come out and said, "We must rethink the intelligence of early man" da……….Ask Dr. Mike Collins, a Texas archeologist, about David Olmstead's inscribed stones found in association with Clovis.. bet he doesn't have much to say… over one hundred such stone were found at the Gault Site in Texas, where we used to dig…You will never convince me that early man wasn't brilliant and by design. .. read the Bible man…are you afraid? Are you so "professional" you will not even look at another view? I hurt for you brainyacks.. thank God he has kept me simple that I might understand the leap of faith I have taken. He loves you to ya know… after all, He knew you before you were born….John Bishop
Well, this guy has a few misconceptions. Clovis doesn't represent "ancient man": these are artifacts on the order of 10,000 years old. It's still far older than the standard creationist idea of the age of the entire universe, but they are still relics of relatively modern Homo sapiens.
Mr Bishop should stop listening to creationists. I don't know of any biologists who claim that the older Homo sapiens are dumber than the more recent examples.
Clovis points are spectacular and beautiful, and I certainly don't have the skill to make one. But I'd hold up an iPhone next to a chipped spear point and argue which is more "brilliant". Our technology has progressed to an amazing degree, and Mr Bishop is simply in denial.
I also detect some anger. I suspect he found some stones with scratches on them and has decided that they are relics of ancient writing (see Ed Conrad for another example of grandiose misinterpretation), and is miffed that the professionals disagree with him. You can see some of these engraved stones — they're interesting, but they aren't Dickens.
Note also the typical pretense to modesty in the letter: he's "simple," he has a "pea brain," yet he also thinks he so much smarter than those "professionals" and "brainyacks".
The bad grammar and the bizarre punctuation, together with the inane god-walloping, are just the icing on the idiot cake.
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yep
Knapping flint? There's an app for that!
I want the recipe for Idiot Cake. I assume it's a variant of fruitcake, but with some nuts added. And, of course, fondant icing, with a marzipan crocoduck on top.
I have to agree with him, windows is another example that earlier man was more brilliant than we are
Clovis points ARE startlingly beautiful.
I hadn't known about the engraved stones--thanks for the link. It takes more wishful thinking than I'm capable of to see writing in the repetition of a few simple patterns.
Neolithic humans might have been on average more intelligent than us, at least about practical matters. Most of them had to stay sharp to stay alive, whereas most of us get to play on computers all day. We get to eat at McDonalds (OK, there is some risk there) instead of having to track and kill dangerous animals.
Their brains appear to be about the same in all respects, though.
I'm so using "brainyacks." What's he, then - an assmoose?
Keep digging deeper, Johnny B. maybe you'll find flying cars.
The not-so-subtle undercurrent of anti-intellectualism is interesting, and something I've encountered from apologists before. Is there some Bible verse that implores believers to drop out of school, don't read books, and generally be as dumb as possible?
Congratulations, you've now done some amateur science and completely knocked down this false "fact" that you were taught! This experience should show you that what we know of reality comes from observation, not dogma. And the fact that your teaching was incorrect means your creationist teachers were wrong. If they were wrong about this, what else have they been wrong about? Do they have a basis for anything they tell you?
All this guy needs is to follow through a simple train of logic and he'd be a science enthusiast in no time. But he doesn't do this. Why not? "…are you afraid?"
Blake:
I'm picturing iPhone/iTouch users tapping their screens while virtual chips fly off a virtual piece of stone. It's so un-farfetched (nearfetched??) that I'm tempted to go search for that app.
Walton:
;^)
Thanks for validating my confidence in you!
Another admirer of their toolmanship, though I hadn't heard the name before (just called them spearheads).
Our ancestors had another thing going for them - at least they didn't mangle the poor ellipsis! Seriously, there's three in a row there. I'm thinking of filtering any text with more than two since it seems it's always the loonies who misuse them.
Rudyard Kipling's "In the Neolithic Age"
IN THE Neolithic Age savage warfare did I wage
For food and fame and woolly horses' pelt.
I was singer to my clan in that dim, red Dawn of Man,
And I sang of all we fought and feared and felt.
Yea, I sang as now I sing, when the Prehistoric spring
Made the piled Biscayan ice-pack split and shove;
And the troll and gnome and dwerg, and the Gods of Cliff and Berg
Were about me and beneath me and above.
But a rival, of Solutre, told the tribe my style was outre-
'Neath a tomahawk, of diorite, he fell
And I left my views on Art, barbed and tanged, below the heart
Of a mammothistic etcher at Grenelle.
Then I stripped them, scalp from skull, and my hunting-dogs fed full,
And their teeth I threaded neatly on a thong;
And I wiped my mouth and said, "It is well that they are dead,
For I know my work is right and theirs was wrong."
But my Totem saw the shame; from his ridgepole-shrine he came,
And he told me in a vision of the night: -
"There are nine and sixty ways of constructing tribal lays,
"And every single one of them is right!"
* * * *
Then the silence closed upon me till They put new clothing on me
Of whiter, weaker flesh and bone more frail;
. And I stepped beneath Time's finger, once again a tribal singer,
And a minor poet certified by Traill!
Still they skirmish to and fro, men my messmates on the snow
When we headed off the aurochs turn for turn;
When the rich Allobrogenses never kept amanuenses,
And our only plots were piled in lakes at Berne.
Still a cultured Christian age sees us scuffle, squeak, and rage,
Still we pinch and slap and jabber, scratch and dirk;
Still we let our business slide-as we dropped the half-dressed hide-
To show a fellow-savage how to work.
Still the world is wondrous large,-seven seas from marge to marge-
And it holds a vast of various kinds of man;
And the wildest dreams of Kew are the facts of Khatmandhu
And the crimes of Clapham chaste in Martaban.
Here's my wisdom for your use, as I learned it when the moose
And the reindeer roamed where Paris roars to-night:-
"There are nine and sixty ways of constructing tribal lays,
"And-every-single-one-of-them-is-right!"
No reason. I just like the poem.
#9 "Is there some Bible verse that implores believers to ... be as dumb as possible"
Well, I supose you could read some verses of Paul that way. Maybe because when he tried to preach to philosphers, they laughed at him...
Re: Valdyr @9:
The whole notion and dynamic of faith depends on childish thinking. In the Bible, doubt (fed by critical thinking) is a vice or sin. For example,
"Luke 18:16: But Jesus called them unto him, and said, Suffer little children to come unto me, and forbid them not: for of such is the kingdom of God."
or compare the rebuke of "doubting Thomas" in gJohn 20.
No, Mr. Bishop. A "brain yack" is what you've written here.
Blake,
I have to ask if you're serious about a flint-knapping app for the iPhone. I've seen some of the out-there apps, and that's actually pretty near-fetched.
I have a friend who does a bit of archaeology and makes atlatls and stuff like that, who would find it very amusing.
On the subject of Ed Conrad: he's frequented a Google Group that I frequent, and he's been pulling his Carboniferous Man shit, as well as rocks on Mars that he claims are human fossils, and he believes that the FBI and NSA are in league with the Smithsonian and other scientists to go after him for knowing too much. Real tin hat sort of fellow.
I just made it up — but if someone invents one, I demand my share of the profits!!1!
There is a Bible Thumper Appfor the iPhone/touch.
Might have found it here on this blog, actually.
The link to the stone pix is great. Note the photo of a "repeated design." The original is below. They repeated the single design in the photo.
I'd download the free version and play for about two minutes, just like most other apps I have.
Ah yes... the signpost of a truly and befuddlingly stupid comment: the faulty premise.
I find them very helpful, as they keep me from wasting my time by screaming quite loudly that what follows is mind-numbingly stupid and can be safely ignored.
It's always more fun (or sad, maybe?) when such a premise is blamed on what one was presumably "taught" as true in whatever institute of learning they attended.
Makes me want to quote Stewie... "Where did you graduate from again, the University of Duhhhhhhh?"
Aaarrgghh, anyone who uses an ellipsis for all punctuation is an idiot. He got one bit right though:
I've known Mike Collins for 20 years. I can guess with fair confidence what he would have to say if you asked him about these "incised" stones.
Here is some info about the Gault site.
We average a guy like this every 4-6 months here at our archaeology lab. That's why this isn't as funny to us as it should be.
I still say the funniest bit is when he mentions his "digging buds".
And yes, as to why bible bashers are encouraged to be ignorant: Have you noticed how few educated people there are who believe in god? Once you have the ability to analyze things critically, it's only a matter of time before you actually analyze (and reject) the babble.
My brother, Steve, is quite good at flint knapping. Of course, he also claims to be Primitive Man. Scroll down on this web page to see Steve creating a bifacial arrowhead from a chunk of obsidian.
Okay, will I ever learn to reread a post before hitting the post button?
What I MEANT to type is I can guess with fair confidence what he would have to say if you asked him about the looters that destroyed so much of the site but will have a lot to say about the "incised" stones. Not sure how the middle of of the sentence got ganked.
I'd like to see you take down a Whoolly Mammoth with an iPhone!
Those engraving parallel lines closely spaced on the stone or bone tools bare a strong resemblance to the lines on the rasp in my tool box. Why would ancient man need a rasp-like tool. Did they ever need to sharpen anything?
Yes, he was taught this, but not by evolutionary biologists (or anthropologists or historians or pretty much any scientist): he was taught it by his ministers and Bible teachers.
As Roy Moscow points out in #15, the purpose of faith -- indeed, the very purpose of life itself -- is for us to return to the pure and simple wisdom of a perfectly obedient child submitting to a Perfect Parent. Believe what you are told; do what you are told; accept what happens with placid gratitude. Independence and 'self-will' are later corruptions. Man was created "smart," but became "dumb." The easy faith of a small child is wiser than the analytic curiosity of the philosophers. As the signs and needlepoint pillows in the boutiques, say, Believe.
Mr. Bishop apparently thinks that an intelligent early man must be closer to the Creation -- "trailing clouds of glory..."
"I hurt for you brainyacks.. thank God he has kept me simple"
I must admit, I too am thankful to the Deity of the Day. After all, we brainyacks need people like this to flip our burgers. Can I have fries with that?
I don't know of any biologists who claim that the older Homo sapiens are dumber than the more recent examples.
Bill Calvin doesn't qualify? How about a neurologist? Julian Jaynes. Or Merlin Donald. An experimental psychologist? Steven Pinker. David Olsen. Or a philosopher of science? Daniel Dennett. Many others; Lev Vygotsky, Rom Harré, George Herbert Mead.
"Dumber" is probably an incorrect term but "less neurologically sophisticated" is certainly aplicable according to theories put forth by the men listed above. Hell, the Jaynesians contend that everybody back then was functionally schizophrenic.
"and he believes that the FBI and NSA are in league with the Smithsonian and other scientists to go after him for knowing too much. Real tin hat sort of fellow."
Paranoid schizophrenia: the ultimate tragicomedy of cognition. I laugh, and then, as a psychologist, feel bad. :(
For at least a million years, the best proto-humans did with stone was make hand-axes. They were crude implements, and apparently no one even thought to put the damn things at the end of sticks so they could be swung like a proper axe.
Clovis points are beautiful, and appear only recently in our evolution. No one knows how well our ancestors made things out of wood, but clearly our abilities in stone were pathetic for a very long time, and appallingly static (1 million years of the same crude tool?).
Believe me, the evolution of stone tools shows rather poor intelligence in our ancestors of 2 million years ago. On the order of creationist "thought," one might say.
Glen D
http://tinyurl.com/mxaa3p
Oh jeeze. It took me a couple of seconds, but i figured out what he means by "brainyacks" - he's trying to spell "Brainiacs"
The stupid, it burns.
He spelled yaks wrong.
Easy: Browse the web to find the nearest gun shop; order and pay for an elephant gun online; use GPS to find the shop to pick up the gun, and then to get yourself back to the mammoth's location; and hey, presto: mammoth burgers for everyone.
Of course, the hard part will be finding the mammoths in the first place.
What a maroon! One thing seems certain though, as he gets older, he's unlikely to get any smarter.
"Why is it that the deeper I Dig , the more brilliant the artifacts become… Isn't that opposite of the Darwin view?"
Sigh. Why is it that acceptance of evolution is always equated with seeing the world in less "brilliant" and beautiful terms? Personally, I find it astonishing and fascinating that life has evolved the way that it has despite the absence of an actual designer. Evolution doesn't take all the wonder out of life - it makes it even more amazing.
And really, "brainyacks?" First off, it's "brainiacs," any simpleton knows that. Second off, what is he, like 10 years old or something? The grammar in that letter was so appallingly bad, I think reading it cost me a couple of brain cells.
Um. Was that a bad translation from some other language to English? Cause... it wasn't English.
Ancient Man was so much smarter
(Ancient woman played a part--her
Contribution, though gets edited, and loses quite a bit)
Than our modern Man Of Science,
Who is forced to put reliance
In the stuff we stole from Aliens, like microwaves and shit.
Yes, the Neolithic human
Wasn't always "doom-and-gloom", and
Had a better way of thinking than the average man today!
We depend on our computers
As our parents, friends, and tutors--
While we fiddle with technology, our brains dissolve away!
Cuttlefish for president
Seems to be describing Ray Comfort here... (with apologies to any sexagenarian Pharygularers!)
Newfie@8:
Or an ancient chimpanzee doll that gasps "mama" when you toss it aside in contempt.
Since "Cuttlefish, you fuckin' rock!" gets a bit repetitive, I'll put it this way: I'm continually astounded at your ability to produce real, extraordinarily well-crafted verse, in so many disparate forms and meters, on demand, and within the constraints of the topical commentary you're wrapping in it. Bravo!
I'm guessing there's a wonderful body of non-topical1 poetry out there under your real-world name; I wish there were some way you could tell us about it without compromising your anonymity... but obviously that's impossible.
1 I struggled with what adjective to use here: The superficially obvious choices, like "real" or "serious," don't give your work here (and on your blog) sufficient credit for realness and seriousness.
But I'd hold up an iPhone next to a chipped spear point and argue which is more "brilliant".
Clovis points are really hard to make, esp., because of the flute on each side, which requires one, very hard, perfectly aligned strike. Both are great examples of materials technology and craft.
An apt analogy is a hand carved wood flute and a $20,000 analog synthesizer.
Which makes better music?
Why is it that the deeper I Dig , the more brilliant the artifacts become… Isn't that opposite of the Darwin view? Clovis, First view, Plainview,… these guys were far advanced when it came to the quality of life.. I always was taught the older man was the dumber he was..
Should someone tell him about the Oldowan tools?
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oldowan
--Bill Dauphin, OM@#46--
Actually... A) it would have been up much sooner, but I had to pause while meeting with students. B) I am not a poet whatsoever in RL (nor here, really; this is just commentary in verse).
But thank you, very much.
Technology always creates a trade-off, in that it displaces one skill set for another, with the displaced skill set lost, and sometimes (as with calculators), there is no new skill set created.
For example, GPS has displaced the skill set of map reading, compass reading, orienteering, dead reckoning, triangulation, etc. but has not created a new skill set.
I have a slide rule app on my iPhone, but it only has basic scales. Still, it's rather brilliant.
He said "You will never convince me that early man wasn't brilliant and by design." This would imply he thinks current man is brilliant and by design. That is an astounding level of clueless.
He is wrong because humans are the product of the coupling of the Goddess Krystal and her anonymous male patron.
Now that is just plain wrong.
brainyack
Why do brainyacks have GOATS ON FIRE?
Early man really was quite intelligent...I imagine that if you could time-warp a bunch of Clovis infants to present day and raise them on a mental diet of Sesame Street, preschool, and the standard American K-12 public education, they would come out mostly on par with today's kids.
Knowledge is different than intelligence. Early peoples were not ignorant because they lacked IQ, they were ignorant because they lacked the centuries of accumulated knowledge that we often take for granted.
(I am reminded of something that startled me in high school: We learned about the structure of the atom in 9th grade physical science class, and I was shocked to learn that just one human lifetime earlier, the structure -- or even existance -- of an atomic nucleus was still just an educated hypothesis and the daily study of some of the brightest minds in all science.)
It is a tag depressing to think that the reality challenged can walk and breath at the same time...a 'fact' that no scientist worth his salt can actually explain adequately without appeal to an almighty incompetent!
I have a spirit-level app for my iTouch. I don't actually need to carry a spirit level around in my pocket, but I found the idea of using such a high-tech tool to create a virtual low-tech tool amusing.
Yeah, my daughter's got that one. I also like the virtual Zippo lighter to hold up at concerts.
I use my iPhone to level the table or piece of wood I'm using as a support for a camp stove. It's always nice when the pans on the cookstove are level.
I think the iPhone needs built-in spectrometer.
Cuttlefish @42: I particularly admire the way you fit "shit" into the rhyme scheme.
@58
I like the way you think, Bill. So now I have to get an iPhone with all these virtual analog apps, like flint and steel, to prove that we really don't need to be so dependent on technology.
I thought he was calling PZ a brainy-axe - kind of like a primitive smart missile.
Well PeeZed, if you ever decide you want to learn how to make a Clovis point to sit next to your iPhone, you can start with a few knapping lessons online and progress to the more difficult stuff later. There's a nice website here .
I actually had a go at knocking up some arrowheads by reading written instructions and was very surprised to find I could make something sharp and dangerous and vaguely arrowhead-like in just a few minutes. (Of course, beauty in my creations is still a fair way off!)
[spoken in the voice Walter Cronkite]
Brainyak get the money, see;
brainyak get the honey, she
travel in my car, livin like a star,
ice on my fingers and my toes and I'm a Taurus.
There. Now I've used it twice, and I'll always remember it.
Have no idea why my screen name so screwed up, but so what, I'll say this and then try to fix it.
Technology and intelligence are not the same thing, nor are they even analogous. A similar fallacy is found in the idea that the most recently evolved species is "more advanced" than one which has not evolved for a long time.
PZ's analogy of IPhone to Clovis is inapt because every Clovis point user could make the points themselves (with training and practice) and not a single IPhone user could ever actually make one. Or to put it another way, 99.9 percent of IPhone users would quickly starve to death in conditions that a Clovis user thrived in. The opposite is not true.
According to the creationists, there isn't even supposed to be a stone age. In Genesis, Cain, the child of Adam and Eve wanders around after killing his brother. He eventually meets some people who just sort of appear out of nowhere. They found a city.
Another Argument from Stupidity.
There isn't anything in the bible that wouldn't be known by Iron Age authors writing around 800 BCE in Judah.
Sure, I was digging in my back yard and about 4 feet down came across an antigravity device and a computer running Windows that doesn't crash.
PS And BTW, digging up archaeological sites on federal land is a felony.
I wouldn't be so quick to judge John, my homies. My digging buds* also find that tools become more advanced the farther back in time you go. For instance, all pre-Oldowan tools are invisible.
*Mean people call them "flippers", but fuck them.
destlund@65-
...and all my toys.
1 Corinthians 1:18-27, among others.
…which is, as several studies have shown, great training for intelligence and skill.
@daveau oops! thanks.
@screwed up screen name #66
"Or to put it another way, 99.9 percent of IPhone users would quickly starve to death in conditions that a Clovis user thrived in. The opposite is not true." It's pretty close to true. Clovis people thrust into any modern city would pretty much be reduced to digging through our garbage, unless they were babies. I'm sure a clovis baby on any doorstop (except for mine *picks teeth*) would do just fine.
I sure hope you washed it first. Sanitation matters!
OT, We can track tool making back to the Olduvai gorge during pre-modern human ancestors times, so that doesn't help the creationist argument much (if at all.) But Clovis points are beautiful, and if they hadn't canceled the Lithic Technology class, I would be making some right now.
So first he marvels at the intelligence of stone-aged man. And then he deplores intelligence in modern-day man. What the hell does he want?
Given the content of the letter, I agree 100% with the self-assessment of "simple" and "pea-brained". Even creationists must accidentally get something right now and then - it's a simple matter of probabilities.
george.w:
My iPhone and I persist in hoping that someday soon this will be released to the public.
Would be interesting to know just how long before.
No 'holy spirit' monkey business, I hope.
Sven DiMilo 21
Yes, and that design has in turn been "found" on the scratched stone below that... can you see it? Just right of centre with the "head" right at the top of the stone. Not exactly the distinctive design that is initially implied, although at least it is identifiably one drawing item on the stone.
Cuttlefish 49
I beg to differ - you is wut you duz. Thanks for your continuing poetic commentary.
If Clovis man was suddenly stuck in the middle of a city he would have problems crossing the street without getting killed.
Surviving in an unfamiliar environment is hard. An Inuit in the Kalahari or a !Kung in Nunavut would both have serious trouble surviving. For that matter, if you put me in a sailboat in the middle of the ocean with a sextant, chronometer, nautical almanac and a decent chart and I get get to land (I could even pick which point of land I wanted to get to). Most people here would end up drifting aimlessly because they wouldn't have a clue about how to sail or navigate by the stars. I'm not more advanced or more intelligent than the rest of you, I just have a different skill set.
Apart from the passages already mentioned, and realizing the question is probably asked with some knowledge of the larger answer anyway, seriously, if anyone's looking for an amusing/depressing eye-opener, Google the phrase 'intellectual pride', and mouse around a bit...
So, larger answer: sort of. And beyond those specific passages, there's a whole culture encouraging something not terribly far from that.
Or hell, rather, I could have written, replacing 'a whole culture', rather 'several whole cultures'. 'Cos note also: it's not just the usual suspects, either--it's not just native to the blatantly anti-intellectual post-Great-Awakening/populist strains of Christianity in which you'd probably expect to find it. You'll also find currents of it in the works of any number of 'sophisticated theologians' residing in the oak-panelled libraries at the Catholic and Anglican, establishment-'n-old-money-friendly, not-obviously-opposed-to-or-gifted-with-basic-literacy ends of town. There's this whole broad brush they'll just as quickly apply to anyone who gives the 'wrong' answer on any point of so-called theology, too: they're too proud, see, putting too much confidence in their own knowledge--if only they'd have shut up and listened quietly to their betters, they wouldn't have made such fools of 'emselves by speaking out of turn as they have. So prideful of 'em to call us on our bullshit.
There's an amusing implication, there, when you think about it, tho'...
I mean, what, these people think it takes some kind of deep, brilliant thinker to spot how vapid are their arguments, here?
See, that sounds kinda prideful to me, too, when I think about it...
Anyway, such richly earned rhetorical jiu-jitsu aside, no, I don't think I'm a genius to have realized, say, that Pascal probably wouldn't have done too well in Vegas. Maybe a bit smarter--or maybe just a smidge more honest--on some of these points at least--than that rather blatantly slimy lot, sure...
(/But before anyone starts calling that 'pride', do let's keep in mind: neither's really saying so much, after all.)
Agreed. It's the skill set, or knowledge rather than intelligence that makes a difference. But it is interesting to think how much we have changed. The skill set I use to "put food on the table" has nothing to do with food or tables. Well, SQL tables maybe, but that's a different animal altogether.
KOPD
The evidence from modern flint-knappers is that making a Clovis point is a specialized skill. Not everyone can do it, even with extensive training. Some people who were using Clovis points could not make them.
Except that Clovis point users participated in group hunts. A single Clovis point user would have a very difficult time bringing down a mammoth on his own.
Besides, as destlund and Tis Himself pointed out, a Clovis person would have tremendous difficulty in our culture, too.
Thank you #13 .... a ray in Dilbert in Space. Interesting fact; In Norway 'amanuensis' is an academic rank and 'first amanuensis' is equivalent of associate professor. Now it's time for me to retire. Happy holidays to all and goats on fire.
One of my all-time favourite quotes by a fundie (I submitted it to fsdtd.com): "Knowledge is good or whatever... but when you look at the facts people who are extremely smart have a hard time believing in god but people who are real simple... don't have a problem believing in god, they don't have that big ol' brain to get in the way."
"You are not Eymorg. You are not Morg. What are you?"
Oi.
Oh, yeah?
http://www.fupenguin.com/2008/12/moose-are-biggest-dorks-ever.html *
***
http://www.fupenguin.com/2009/11/dont-even-think-about-trying-to-sneak…
*Yeah, I know.
#87:
My keyboard will never be the same again.
I see the past and This is what I see: Before the Deluge, before the Fall, Nautiloids and Ammonites and Orthoceras used to wear beautifully ornated, thick shells. Now octopi cover His nudity with coconuts. That's what you wicked scientist call evolution? It's not easier to think a God is making all this, and that He likes cephalophod porn?
Mr Bishop should indeed dig deeper. I'm sure he'll find amazing proof of Creation in the Halletstonian.
(But watch out for those Sea Zorias!)