Myriad Manipulations of an Optical Illusion

If you're like many regulars to ScienceBlogs you probably found the cool Purple Nurple optical illusion over at Omni Brain. I don't really understand why a static object appears as though it's pulsing, but I do enjoy the effect. Did you ever wonder how much an optical illusion can be distorted and still maintain the illusion? Mighty Optical Illusions has a bunch of items similar in effect to Purple Nurple. I grabbed the one below (it reminds me of a bunch of almonds). It has a very cool wavy effect.

i-01b6145c9a1b5ae37a31a8621b85cc73-Almonds1.jpg

(much more fun below the fold)

The fun begins when we start to manipulate it. For this little adventure I used the very useful freeware viewer/editor XNView. First, is the color what gives it the effect? Here's a negative version:

i-4d72c2777abb8a3bf4d94ed9013d3873-Almonds2.jpg

OK, how about if we equalize it?

i-1f0cd4151d0890a25894a605c7ef65bb-Almonds3.jpg

Perhaps the orientation has something to do with it. We can flip it and rotate it:

i-058b555874d2647616dea829faa7068f-Almonds4.jpg

i-ef61a348fd47149c9f2d7ad1ce9d424f-Almonds5.jpg

Still it waves (I kind of like the flipped version even more). How about swapping some colors? In the first version, RGB are swapped to BRG, and in the second to GBR. Both appear to reduce the illusion, the second swap more so than the first.

i-eabcd7728aa038a2cb13e83624d457ff-Almonds6.jpg

i-35df935fe15d46124644cdd59257dbe3-Almonds7.jpg

So much for the simple stuff. How about wholesale alteration of the shapes? First, let's look at Slice. Here the image has been chopped up but the effect is still apparent.

i-eeb3f9f60a6380869e01fea8046e5c72-Almonds8.jpg

Next comes Shear:

i-52297e8eea62fd4af7009124dc33afda-Almonds9.jpg

Lots of sharp jaggies so it's not the simple, smooth shapes that give it the effect. Next comes Swhirl:

i-9a60fa0a80e620f166e3bc8da5dea86f-AlmondsA.jpg

This whirlpool-like effect produces heavy-duty spatial distortion but the illusion remains. Tile is kind of like Shear but there are obvious black voids in the new image. The illusion seems to be less intense so perhaps there's something about the contiguous nature of the pattern that is creating the illusion:

i-5153474ddf09a5625a7dde0177365817-AlmondsB.jpg

Our next edit is Waves:

i-14ff821bbbca89e593de29f787e11481-AlmondsC.jpg

This also produces considerable distortion of the image but yet again, the illusion continues. At this point I decided to try adding Gaussian Noise (at 50%):

i-bc9cf69283ee17f3b4d7cd302806637c-AlmondsD.jpg

The illusion is also reduced. Further increases in noise reduce the illusion even more. Finally, I cropped the image so that only a small segment was left:

i-6eb3dbd7c69e5fdbc393162fb1875f44-AlmondsE.jpg

Illusion gone.

More like this

Whenever I create a demo for this site, there's always a balance: Do I make the demo dramatic, so it's most surprising when it works? Or do I make it less dramatic, so it works for more people? (There are other things to balance as well, such as my time and technical proficiency) The Troxler effect…
A ridiculous number of science-fiction TV series and films have moments where characters exchange minds, from the brilliance of Quantum Leap to the latest season of Heroes. Body-swapping is such a staple of imaginative fiction that it's tempting to think that it has no place being scientifically…
The hollow-face illusion is one of the most dramatic and robust illusions I've ever come across. It's been known for well over 200 years, but it never ceases to amaze me, as this video demonstrates: A three-dimensional hollow face mask held a few feet away will appear to be convex (turned "out"…
Just about two weeks ago, I posted this visual illusion (if you haven't seen it yet, make sure to watch it with the sound turned ON): How many flashes do you see? In fact the dot only flashes once, but according to the study I report on in the post, the two beeps are supposed to throw you off. If…

Wow I would have expected some of those treatments to abolish the illusion. Interestingly, some of them seemed to almost halt the wave when I was looking directly at the image, but when I saw it out of the corner of my eye it went crazy. For instance, this happened in the "equalized" image, as well as several others.

I just barfed on my keyboard. Thanks.

The cropped version certainly contains no illusion - but if you just look at that upper-left corner of the original image, there's not much illusion going on there either.

In fact, I think it has to do with your eyes moving---you need to have regions of picture going in and out of your fovea (by saccading over it) for it to work. If the picture stays constant on your retina (just try staring at one place) then the illusion goes away.

I think Pete hit it. I found that for me the illusion of motion depends on eye movement. It appears when I first look at the image or when I move the focus of my view around the image, but the apparent motion stops when I stare steadily at one point.

Whoa... I just noticed that the "almonds" seem to spin if you scroll down while looking at the image

This illusion works much better for me on my monitor than when i print it out on paper. Moving in closer than my minimal focal distance also diminishes the effect.

By Tegumai Bopsul… (not verified) on 16 Jan 2008 #permalink