Today's Indian Ocean Tsunami, Small Tsunamis, and The Tsunami Warning System

This is a continuation of a post I wrote (and updated a couple of times) earlier today. Since the tsunami is no longer a possibility - it's an actual event - I thought a new title was probably a good idea. Here's the situation as it currently stands:

The Pacific Tsunami Warning Center issued a final watch statement for the event at 11:05 am Eastern time. They report that a tsunami was generated, and is currently traveling across the Indian Ocean. Based on the data that they have - currently, they have readings from three near-shore tide gauges and one deep-ocean gauge - the tsunami is small, and is not expected to cause damage in distant areas. (It should be noted, however, that PTWC's message also notes that they still only have limited access to sea level data in the Indian Ocean, and that they might be wrong about that.)

The concept of a "small tsunami" might seem strange to some people, but when it comes to figuring out if a wave is a tsunami, size doesn't matter. Most people, when they hear the word 'tsunami', might think of news footage from 2004, with giant waves crashing down over people and buildings. Tsunamis like that do happen (obviously), and the threat of a tsunami in that size range is (obviously) the reason that we're concerned enough to have people constantly alert to the threat of another one. But that doesn't mean that every tsunami is a big wave.

You might be surprised to hear this, but today's Indian Ocean tsunami isn't the first tsunami this year. There have already been three in the Pacific Ocean - one in January that was caused by a quake off the Kuril Islands, on in April caused by a Solomon Islands earthquake, and one in August that resulted from a 7.9 earthquake near the coast of Peru. These events were all small, but if you go to NOAA's National Geophysical Data Center page you'll find maps and water runup data for all three. It'll probably take a while for the information to be collected, but information on this latest one will probably find its way there eventually.

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A very large, shallow earthquake occurred at 11:10 UTC today. The earthquake epicenter is located in the Indian Ocean, about 375 miles from Jakarta, Indonesia, and is currently estimated at magnitude 7.9. The magnitude of the earthquake and the shallow depth of the quake have lead the Pacific…
Update 2: PTWC has cancelled the regional warning. A tsunami was in fact generated, but the waves have been measured and are very small (about 1.5 inches in height). Updated: The Pacific Tsunami Warning Center states that a tsunami was generated by this earthquake. The size of the tsunami is…
OK, you can go back to lower ground now. The warning has been canceled. From the BBC: A tsunami warning has been issued for 11 nations in the south-west Pacific, including Papua New Guinea, after a 7.8-magnitude earthquake off Vanuatu. The epicentre was 295km (180 miles) north-northwest of…
Approximately an hour ago, a tsunami smashed into the Solomon Islands in the South Pacific Ocean, after an earthquake of magnitude 8.0 rocked the ocean floor just off the island nation's west coast. "Two villages were reported to have been completely inundated," said Julian McLeod of the…

A few years ago Eos published a series of photos of a small tsunami striking the Costa Rican (?) coast.

The max wave crest was about 6 inches high as far as I recall...

I suspect that lots of "micro-tsunamis" are being generated frequently. By micro-tsunami, I mean very small amplitude waves, but similar in wavelength and amplitude versus depth profile, as their deadly but rare high-amplitude cousins. Being that the noise (short period gravity waves, and tides) is fairly large I suspect we can't readily observe them.

HR Service, the sources of 'noise' are so well-understood they can be subtracted out, and the tsunami observed in what remains.